Word order
In English, the word order is strict. That means we can't place parts of the sentence wherever we want, but we should follow some certain rules when making sentences. These rules apply not only to formal language but also to everyday spoken English. So, we should learn and always follow them.
Direct word order and inversion
When the sentence is positive (affirmative), the word order is direct. That means the verb follows the subject.
Examples
Caroline is a local celebrity. Caroline = subject, is = verb
We work remotely. We = subject, work = verb
You have been learning Spanish for two years. You= subject, have been learning = verb
In questions (interrogative sentences) the subject and the verb swap places. We call it indirect word order, or inversion.
Examples
Am I right? WRONG I am right?
How old are they? WRONG How old they are?
What day is it today? WRONG What day it is today?
If there is an auxiliary verb, its first word will precede the subject.
Examples
Are you sleeping?
Have you read my message?
Will you help me, please?
Has anyone been looking for me?
Will he have finished the job by 5 o’clock?
Direct and indirect objects
The object normally goes right after the verb. We don't put any other words between them.
I like my job very much. WRONG like very much my job
He meets his friends every Friday. WRONG meets every Friday his friends
In the examples above, the object is direct. A direct object answers the question "whom" or "what" and there is no preposition after the verb. If we can't put the object without a preposition (talk to smb, agree with smb, rely on smb), the object is indirect.
I’m not satisfied with my test score.
Let’s talk about the new project.
Now, if we have two objects, one is indirect and the other is direct, then the direct object has the priority to go first.
The professor explained the concept to the students. WRONG to the student the concept
He said nothing about those errors. WRONG about those errors nothing
If there are two direct objects and one of them is a pronoun, the pronoun goes behind the verb.
Could you show me the way, please? WRONG the way me
They wished her luck. WRONG luck her
Place and time
Expressions of time and place usually go together after the verb and the object (if there is one). We first indicate the place (where, where to) and then the time (when, how often, how long).
Examples
We go {to the theatre} {every month}. where=to the theatre, how often=every month
There were lots of people {in the park} {on Sunday}. where=in the park, when=on Sunday
Jim will give me a lift {to the station} {after the meeting}. where to=to the station, when=after the meeting
lt is often possible to put time at the beginning of the sentence.
At this time tomorrow, we’ll be going to the airport.
Sometimes I want to be alone.
Summary
Let's briefly sum up the rules:
- Positive sentence: subject + verb. Question sentence: verb + subject
- Do not split the verb and the object
- Direct objects go before the indirect objects
- If one of two direct objects is a pronoun, it goes first
- Place goes before time