Образование Present Perfect
Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола have/has в настоящем времени и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола — его «третьей формы»:
have / has + past participle
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Утверждение и отрицание
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| I you we they |
have haven't (have not) |
played started worked |
правильные глаголы |
| he she it |
has hasn't (has not) |
done been lost gone |
неправильные глаголы |
Обратите внимание
Have и has часто сокращаются до 've и 's.
I've had breakfast. Я позавтракал.
He's gone. Он ушёл.
They've lied. Они солгали.
Не путайте he is / she is / it is и he has / she has / it has, так как в сокращении они выглядят одинаково: he's / she's / it's.
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Вопрос
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| What Where Why How ... |
have | I you we they |
played? started? worked? |
правильные глаголы |
| has | he she it |
done? been? lost? gone? |
неправильные глаголы | |
Причастие прошедшего времени
Причастие прошедшего времени (past participle) образуется у правильных и неправильных глаголов по-разному.
У правильных глаголов прибавляется окончание -ed — точно так же, как в Past Simple.
play — played — played
want — wanted — wanted
finish — finished — finished
У неправильных глаголов «третью форму» нужно запомнить.
Список самых часто употребляемых неправильных глаголов:
| Исходная форма (инфинитив) | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| do | did | done |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| get | got | got |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| know | knew | known |
| leave | left | left |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| show | showed | shown |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |