Образование утвердительной формы Past Simple (все глаголы)
Чтобы поставить глагол в простое прошедшее время Past Simple, нужно прибавить к нему -ed:
watch → watched
start → started
end → ended
Обратите внимание на правописание
Если глагол оканчивается на согласную и -y, то при добавлении -ed происходит замена "y" на "i":
study → studied
try → tried
copy → copied
Но
play → played
destroy → destroyed,
так как тут глагол оканчивается на гласную и -y.
Если глагол имеет в корне одну гласную и оканчивается на согласную, то эта согласная удваивается, когда прибавляется -ed. Иначе глагол будет по-другому произноситься:
stop → stopped
plan → planned
Неправильные глаголы
В английском языке все глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Неправильные глаголы образуют свои формы прошедшего времени «не по правилам». Их нужно запомнить. Времени Past Simple соответствует вторая форма.
Список самых часто употребляемых неправильных глаголов:
| Исходная форма (инфинитив) | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| do | did | done |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| get | got | got |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| know | knew | known |
| leave | left | left |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| show | showed | shown |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |
Примеры
Yesterday we had breakfast and then went for a walk. Вчера мы позавтракали, а потом пошли гулять.
Henry took his coat, said goodbye and left. Генри взял своё пальто, попрощался и ушёл.
Miranda wrote an email and sent it to the business partner. Миранда написала письмо и отправила его бизнес-партнёру.